Escrever é verbo transitivo. Escreve-se para o leitor. Contemporâneo, ele vive no século XXI. Tem à mão livros, jornais, revistas, rádio, television e o universo sem fim da web. As 24 horas do dia são insuficientes pra abarcar tanta informação. Resultado: os textos longos, exibidos, cheios de erudição caíram de moda. As novas tecnologias revolucionaram a escrita e a leitura. Econômicas mensagens eletrônicas ganharam espaço e prestígio. Os esbanjadores verbais têm de se conter e se curvar ao estilo moderno. Nele imperam duas regras de ouro. Uma: menor é melhor. A outra: menos é mais. Como chegar lá? Ninguém precisa inventar nada. Nem abdicar da norma culta. A língua oferece os recursos para quem quer algo mais do que escrever. Quer escrever melhor – dar recados claros, concisos e prazerosos. Com humor, este livro apresenta o passo a passo do dizer muito com pouco.Na primeira parte, comentamos as várias línguas que falamos e escrevemos. Entre elas, a culta, ensinada nas escolas e exigida em provas, concursos e na vida profissional. Também a das salas de bate-papo, em que imperam as abreviaturas, as trocas de letras, a invenção de códigos. Nas duas partes seguintes, convocamos o metro e a tesoura. Um fica de olho na extensão de palavras e frases. A outra toma providências cirúrgicas – corta. Na última, three hundred diquinhas de português em até one hundred forty caracteres jogam luz sobre velhos calos da língua – crase, concordâncias, regências, etimologias, grafias espinhosas. Livrar-se deles abre portas. A língua culta funciona como passaporte para a liberdade. Conhecendo-lhe as manhas, podemos escolher, brincar e entrar na onda das novas mídias. Dad Squarisi.

during this quantity, Luis López sheds new mild on details constitution and makes an important contribution to paintings on grammatical operations within the Minimalist application. via a cautious research of dislocations and concentration fronting in Romance, the writer indicates that notions similar to 'topic' and 'focus', as frequently outlined, yield no predictions and proposes in its place a characteristic approach according to the notions 'discourse anaphor' and 'contrast'. He offers a close version of
syntax—-information-structure interplay and argues that this interplay happens on the section point, with a privileged function for the sting of the part. extra, he investigates phenomena in regards to the syntax of items in Romance and Germanic - accusative A, p-movement, clitic doubling,
scrambling, item shift - and exhibits that there are cross-linguistic correlations among syntactic configuration and specificity, self reliant of discourse connectedness. the quantity ends with a longer research of the syntax of dislocations in Romance.

This number of papers investigates particular linguistic phenomena from the viewpoint of first- and second-language acquisition. whereas observations at the acquisition of scrambling or pronominal clitics are available within the literature, up until eventually the new earlier they have been sparse and sometimes buried in different matters. This quantity fills a long-existing hole in offering a suite of articles which concentrate on language acquisition yet while handle the overarching syntactic concerns concerned (for instance, the X-bar prestige of clitics, base-generation vs. flow money owed of scrambling). This quantity includes an summary of L1 (and, in a single case, L2) acquisition info from a few diversified languages together with Bernese, Swiss, German, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Spanish and Swedish, in addition to from numerous theoretical issues of view with those clause-internal approaches at its middle. those language acquisition facts are thought of to be an important within the validation of analyses of those particular linguistic phenomena in grownup grammars. The contributions during this quantity contain the earliest suggestions during this vein and, accordingly, can be considered as a kick off point for discussions inside of theoretical linguistics and language acquisition alike.

Are compounds phrases or words - or are they neither or either? How may still we classify compounds? How do we take care of the truth that the connection among the weather of sugar capsule ('pill made from sugar') isn't the same as that during sea-sickness tablet ('pill to avoid sea-sickness')? Are compounds a linguistic common? How a lot do languages differ within the means their compounds paintings? Why can we want compounds, while there are alternative routes of making an analogous meanings? Are so-called neoclassical compounds like picture rather compounds? in response to greater than 40 years' study, this arguable new ebook units out to respond to those and plenty of different questions.

even if there's just one ergative language in Europe (Basque), possibly one-quarter of the world's languages express ergative homes, and pose significant problems for plenty of present linguistic theories. R. M. W. Dixon the following offers a whole survey of a few of the varieties of ergativity, the methods they interrelate, their semantic bases and their function within the organization of discourse. Ergativity stems from R. M. W. Dixon's long-standing curiosity within the subject, and specifically from his seminal 1979 paper in Language. It contains a wealthy choice of information from a good number of the world's languages. finished, transparent and insightful, it is going to be the traditional element of reference for all these attracted to the topic.

this can be a entire reference grammar of Tariana, an endangered Arawak language from a distant quarter within the northwest Amazonian jungle. Its audio system commonly marry a person talking a special language, and consequently most folk are fluent in 5 or 6 languages. due to this rampant multilingualism, Tariana combines a few gains inherited from the protolanguage with houses subtle from neighbouring yet unrelated Tucanoan languages. Typologically strange good points of the language comprise: an array of classifiers self sustaining of genders, advanced serial verbs, case marking counting on the topicality of a noun, and double marking of case and of quantity. Tariana has compulsory evidentiality: each sentence encompasses a targeted point indicating no matter if the knowledge used to be visible, heard, or inferred through the speaker, or even if the speaker received it from someone else. This grammar should be a priceless source-book for linguists and others drawn to ordinary languages.

This quantity brings jointly state-of-the-art experimental study from leaders within the fields of linguistics and psycholinguistics to discover the character of a phenomenon that has lengthy been imperative to syntactic concept – 'island effects'. The chapters during this quantity draw upon fresh methodological advances in experimental equipment in syntax, often referred to as 'experimental syntax', to enquire the underlying cognitive mechanisms that provide upward thrust to island results. This quantity offers a complete empirical overview of a modern debate within the box by means of together with contributions from researchers representing quite a few issues of view at the nature of island results. This e-book is perfect for college students and researchers attracted to state-of-the-art experimental strategies in linguistics, psycholinguistics and psychology.

This learn is anxious with the constitution of verb words in English and Spanish, and with syntactic methods related to vice president and Vo. a prime concentration of realization is auxiliary verbs. it's argued that the constitution dominating those verbs is basically an identical in English and Spanish, as is the constitution dominating auxiliaries and 'main' verbs in each one language. It needs to be concluded that the prevalence of particular syntactic strategies affecting auxiliaries and different vice chairman ingredients within the languages doesn't stick to from parametrization of word constitution. it truly is argued that similarities among the 2 languages with recognize to the composition of so-called "V*" structures derive from the truth that vice chairman is authorized below either clauses of the main of complete Interpretation, i. e. , predication and sub categorization. designated syntactic techniques in English and Spanish are argued to stick to from the truth that there are inflectional positive aspects on the topic of every one of those licensing stipulations (including specification for [ ± prior) and nominal person/number good points) which impact govt relatives in targeted methods, leading to parametrization of S-structure representa­ tions. xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I desire to convey my appreCiatIOn to the dept of Romance Languages on the collage of Washington for help for coaching of the ultimate manuscript, and to the dept of Spanish, Italian and Portuguese on the college of Virginia for a go away within which a lot of this examine used to be accomplished.

EAP lecturers will locate this publication to be a very good resource of guidance for education scholars, and for getting ready either instructive and pleasing lessons.

A pupil Grammar of Turkish is a concise advent to Turkish grammar, designed particularly for English-speaking scholars and pros. Written with the desires of the learner a great deal in brain, it units out the grammar of the language in a transparent and jargon-free type. The e-book not just explains the basics of the grammar, but additionally exams scholars' figuring out in an interactive method with greater than two hundred routines. Key grammar issues are summarised in tables and there are various illustrative examples. an inventory of grammatical phrases utilized in the publication and a key to all of the workouts also are supplied. This crucial grammar and workout booklet can be utilized as a complement for college students learning the language, with a twin functionality as a reference advisor to seem up grammar issues, and as a source from which routines might be set and language abilities practised.